Summary
Calligonum polygonoides L. subsp. comosum; locally known as arta, is tall woody shrub, perennial desert plant. TLC screening, estrogenic and antimicrobial activity of different fractions of leaves alcohol extract; n-hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc and n-BuOH has been studie in order to find the correlation between the phytoconstituents and the biological activity. Estrogenic activity was studied in immature ovariectomized female Wistar rats by oral administration of 75 and 150 mg extract/kg body weight for seven days using 1 µg estradiol/rat/day as positive control. The antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia was done using agar diffusion method with determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). CH2Cl2 fraction showed significant estrogenic and antimicrobial activity by significantly increasing uterine weight and low MIC values for all tested microorganisms ranging from 0.03 and 3.9 mg/mL. The n-hexane fraction showed mainly the presence of sterols and/or triterpenoids. EtOAc and n-BuOH were the richest in flavonoids while that of methylene chloride was found to contain both classes of chemical compounds. In conclusion; flavonoids, sterols and/or triterpenes exhibit synergistic effect to the antimicrobial and estrogenic activity of Calligonum polygonoides leaves.
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