The effect of curcumin (CUR) on gentamicin (GM) induced nephrotoxicity in rats was studied. Forty albino rats were subdivided into four groups. Group (I) represented a control group. Group (II) received gentamicin sulphate (100 mg/kg BW) as interaperitoneal injection (i.p) once daily for 8 consecutive days. Group (III) received curcumin at the same dose for 15 days where animals were injected with GM at 100 mg/kg/day during the last 8 days of the treatment. Group (IV) received curcumin at oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 15 days. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated histopathologically by light microscopy and biochemically. Seum creatinine and urea levels and kidney, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and urinary N-acetyl-β D-gluoseamindase (NAG) were assayed. The apoptotic fragments of DNA in kidney tissue were measured as optical density by Gel-pro-program. Gentamicin administration to rats significantly increased serum level of urea, creatinine and MDA and the activity of NAG but decreased CAT activity as compared with control. In addition, CUR administration with GM injections caused a significant decrease in serum urea, creatinine and MDA levels, and activity of NAG as compared with GM group (II). CUR administration increased CAT activity. Histological changes in the kidney group (II) showed tubular necrosis, which was ameliorated in group (III). GM decreases the intensity of DNA and induced apoptotic DNA fragment in group (II) where curcumin amelorate DNA damage in group (III). Curcumin treatment showed marked improvement of the biochemical, molecular and histopathological alterations induced by GM which pointed out the protective effect of curcumin against toxic effects of gentamicin on kidney tissue.
Key words: Gentamicin, Curcumin, Oxidative stress, Nephrotoxicity
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