Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production. India is one of the epicenters of the global DM pandemic. Oxidative stress which is classically defined as an event resulting from the magnitude of imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant substances, generated in a setting of oxidation-reduction reactions, is hypothesized to play an important role in the development of DM.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess lipid peroxidation by estimating serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant status by assaying paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) in Type 2 diabetes patients and healthy controls and also to study the correlation between MDA and PON-1 levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in 152 participants, which were divided into two groups as patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 76) and control (n = 76) non-diabetic, healthy, age- and sex-matched individuals. The study was conducted in Government Medical College, Kozhikode, after the approval of the Institutional Ethical Committee. All the subjects who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and who gave informed consent were included in a consecutive manner till sample size is achieved. Serum MDA and PON-1 were estimated using spectrophotometry. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.
Results: Oxidative stress was increased in type 2 diabetic patients as evidenced by significantly elevated MDA and reduced PON-1 than the normal controls.
Conclusion: Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological process for the development of type 2 diabetes. This study reveals the importance of screening all diabetes patients for oxidative stress. Dietary management and antioxidant supplementation would help them to prevent development of complications following diabetes, which, in turn, improve their quality of life.
Key words: Type 2 Diabetes; Oxidative Stress; Paraoxonase-1; Malondialdehyde
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