Abstract

In recent years, researchers have made tremendous efforts to produce alternative fuels from bioresources, to lower the carbon footprint and emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Biogas is a potential energy source for achieving this due to its renewable nature, eco-friendliness, and low cost. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a prominent method of biogas production through the actions of consortia of bacteria in the absence of oxygen. Upgrading biogas is required to meet the requirements of the potential utilization area. This study aims to review the different biogas production, upgrading, and utilization technologies available in the literature. It further provides a matching framework for the biogas quality required for any potential utilization area to the upgrading technologies needed to achieve the quality. Also, this review examines future work to be done in the areas of biogas production, upgrading, and utilization, as well as government policies that could enhance the implementation of this future work.

Key words: Keywords: biogas; renewable energy; alternative fuels; anaerobic digestion; carbon footprint.