This comprehensive review provides an in-depth examination of the multifaceted landscape of sinonasal inverted papilloma. A thorough historical overview traces inverted papilloma from its initial description in 1850 to contemporary classifications, highlighting evolving understandings. Epidemiology, demographics, and clinical presentations are explored to underscore challenges in diagnosis given symptomatic overlap with other sinonasal conditions. The unique histopathology and embryonic origin of tumors, arising from the Schneiderian membrane, are discussed to elucidate the characteristic inverted growth pattern. Surgical resection, particularly endoscopic approaches, is established as the standard treatment. Innovative surgical methods are considered along with examining influences such as Human Papilloma Virus and recurrence rates. The intricate dynamics of recurrence, follow-up strategies, and the rare but impactful malignant trans formation are thoroughly analyzed. The Krouse staging system proves instrumental in predicting recurrence, while advancements in endoscopic techniques offer promising avenues for both diagnosis and treatment. The review has shed light on identifying gaps in understanding immunohistochemical markers and biological mechanisms, emphasizing the imperative need for future research to refine diagnostic precision and therapeutic approaches.
Key words: Inverted papilloma, review, sinonasal tumor, Human Papilloma Virus, Schneiderian, squamous cell carcinoma, Krouse staging
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