This study aimed to cultivate and compare four wheat cultivars: two Egyptian cultivars (Misr 1 and Sohag 5) and two foreign cultivars (Russian and Ukrainian). During the vegetative growth, the Egyptian cultivars (Misr 1 and Sohag 5) exceeded the foreign cultivars (Russian and Ukrainian) in terms of shoot system length and fresh weight. Misr 1 and Sohag 5, surpass their foreign counterparts in plant height, spike length, heads per square meter, grain production, and overall yield. Among the four cultivars, Misr 1, Sohag 5, and Ukrainian wheat grains exhibit similar lengths, while the Russian grain stands out as the shortest. Sohag 5 surpasses its counterparts with the thickest and widest grains. Notably, the grains obtained after cultivation exceeded the dimensions of the original wheat grains. In terms of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll A decreased in most cultivars at the end of the vegetative growth. Whereas all cultivars showed an increase in chlorophyll B at the same period. Carotenoid content increased in Misr 1, Russian, and Ukrainian cultivars, except for Sohag 5, where carotenoids decreased throughout the growth period.
Key words: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Russian and Ukrainian cultivars, field experiment, growth parameters, grain yield.
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