Currently, natural products of herb medicinal plants are widely reported as a supplement to cancer chemotherapy. The cytotoxic effect of a dichloromethane (DCM) extract of Cyrtostachys renda root and its flow cytometric profile against a human breast cancer cell line (T47D) were investigated in this study. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromid assay was used to assess the combined cytotoxic effects of fraction A3 C. renda root and doxorubicin. The combination index (CI) criteria was used to analyze the synergistic effect of fraction A3 and doxorubicin. The cell cycle and apoptosis profiles were completed using flow cytometric labeling with propidium iodide/RNase and Annexin V. Cell morphological changes were observed using an inverted microscope. Single cytotoxicity fraction A3 of DCM extract was effective against T47D cells with an IC50 value of 43.03 μg/ml. Fraction A3 and doxorubicin at half of IC50 combined had a strong synergistic effect on T47D cells with a CI of 0.2. The cell cycle analysis results showed that this combination caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 and S phases. This observation is consistent with the results of single fraction A3 and doxorubicin treatments, which resulted in cell cycle arrests in the G1 and S phases, respectively. The result of single fraction A3 treatment, combined with doxorubicin for 24 hours, can also induce apoptosis against T47D cells. When the control and treatment groups were compared, the test cell shape altered.
Key words: Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, T47D cell line, fraction A3, doxorubicin, combination chemotherapy
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