Abstract

Background:
The problem, poultry is one of the most prominent sources of Campylobacter jejuni, which is also a major means of transmission to people. Campylobacter jejuni contamination in chicken meat comes from chicken faeces because it naturally exists in the intestine of chickens.
Aim:
The purpose of this study is to identify the antibiotic resistance genes and patterns of Campylobacter jejuni, which was found in hens in Pasuruan, Indonesia.
Methods:
The samples used in this study were 200 contents of the small intestine of broiler chickens from 40 farms in Pasuruan Regency. Enriched sample was streaked on the selective media of modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate (mCCDA) containing the CCDA selective supplement. Antimicrobial susceptibility test utilizing the Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Test method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the hipO, gyrA, blaOXA-61, and tetO genes, hipO is a gene encoding Campylobacter jejuni strain, while gyrA is a gene encoding fluoroquinolone resistance, blaOXA-61 encodes beta-lactam resistance, tetO encodes beta-lactam resistance.
Results:
The findings revealed a 14% (28/200) prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni. This isolates showed high resistance to enrofloxacin (92.9%). All isolates (100%) were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. PCR results showed that all Campylobacter jejuni isolates (100%) detected the gyrA gene, 96.7% detected the blaOXA-61 gene, and 50% detected the tetO gene.
Conclusion:
The findings of antimicrobial resistance resistance in high level from the small intestine of broiler chickens illustrates the potential threat to human health. To lessen the effects now and in the future, coordinated and suitable action is needed, as well as steps to guarantee the poultry industry's economic survival and public health insurance.

Key words: Campylobacter jejuni, Antimicrobial resistance, Gene, Chickens, Human health