The main malignancy of hepatocytes, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a medical condition with a poor prognosis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), a common infection in individuals with cirrhosis and ascites, has high morbidity and mortality. Thus this study aimed to investigate the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of ascites. English-language articles were collected from 2015 to 2023 demonstrating the management of epidemiology, causes, and management of ascites. Overall, there were 5 articles. Surveys and analyses of national databases were the most widely used methods (n=5). Sociodemographic information, symptoms, warning signals, risk factors, historical medical conditions, findings from significant investigations, and potential advanced management alternatives were all gathered. Intractable ascites indicated a bad prognosis in people with liver cirrhosis and frequently aggravated decompensated hepatic cirrhosis. Treatment and management options vary. Aldosterone blockers and loop diuretics are the mainstays for the treatment of ascites in cirrhotic patients, while vasopressin receptor antagonists are infrequently utilized. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors might be a novel ascites treatment with a different mechanism than currently prescribed drugs, according to recent findings. Additionally, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be used to predict the incidence of acute kidney injury following the administration of tolvaptan and is a helpful predictor of tolvaptan's short- and long-term effectiveness.
Key words: Epidemiology, causes, management, ascites, systemic review
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