This work focuses on the bioactivity characterization of the edible desert truffle Terfezia claveryi harvested from the Tindouf area in the southwest of Algeria. We investigated the morphological and germination features of T. claveryi spores under light and scanning electron microscopy. Afterwards, we isolated the mycelium from a unique spore, which was then used in seedling-optimized in vitro biomass liquid culture. After that, we focused on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of this mushroom (fruit body flesh and mycelium) evaluated respectively by disc Agar diffusion method and Denis and Webster methods I and II. Furthermore, we tested antagonism against plant-pathogenic fungal species using three confrontation methods on a solid medium. Finally, we developed undescribed protocols for extracting, purifying, and describing bioactive compounds. Results showed that developing T. claveryi spore germination, mycelium isolation, and axenic liquid subcultures is very slow. The flesh extract is only antibacterial, while the one from the culture medium is antifungal and antibacterial. The most bioactive extract on bacteria, yeast, and plant-pathogenic fungal strains tested is the one from the mycelium of T. claveryi. The latter strain showed good antagonistic power against some plant-pathogenic fungal tested strains, probably owing to antibiotic component biosynthesis with antifungal ability.
Key words: Tindouf, desert, truffle, monoclonal mycelium, antibacterial, antifungal, chemical characterization.
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