Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a promising technology for various applications, including environmental monitoring, healthcare, and smart cities. However, the limited energy resources of sensor nodes pose a significant challenge in prolonging the network's lifetime. Energy-efficient protocols play a crucial role in mitigating energy consumption, optimizing network performance, and extending the overall lifespan of WSNs. This research paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of energy-efficient protocols for wireless sensor networks. We evaluate the protocols based on key performance metrics such as energy consumption, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and latency. The analysis aims to provide insights into the strengths and limitations of different energy-efficient protocols and aid researchers and network designers in selecting appropriate protocols for specific application scenarios.
Key words: Wireless Sensor Networks, communication, protocol, energy.
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