The rational individual materializing in the identity of homo economicus has constituted the basic assumption of the classic, rather the neoclassic, economy and meanwhile no matter how much it is tried to be hidden away from the sight, it has befitted the process of shaping the prospect of the world. For almost two centuries homo economicus which is symbolized in the concept of economical rationality has been the basic actor, in more appropriate words the basic reference source of political economical sciences and even of a much wider spectrum covering all form psychology to sociology. From this perspective, - in order to provide the basic objective simplicity as well - this article will be questioning the place that the economical rationality hypothesis has brought science of economy in general,especially during the formatian of the neoclassic theory, and in this cantext the identity and place of the economist in the today 's world will be examined. In keeping with this line, first the concept of benefit, which we assert that it constitutes the core of the hypothesis in the neoclassical theory, will be explicated on an epistemological level within a historical process together with the rationality, and then the process in which the utility oriented neoclassical theory of value refuses the classical theory, as well as its projections, will be discussed. Finally, effects of the economical rationality and individualism or the homo economicus assumptions in the neoclassical theory will be address ed in the conclusion in terms of their methodology.
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