The communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal organs was first introduced in the 1880s. Further studies were followed to ascertain the influence of gut flora on the host`s brain functions, general behaviour, and neurodegenerative diseases. The article's objectives involved investigating a new promising probiotic as an anti-acetylcholine esterase and maximising its activity using optimization statistical approaches. Probiotic isolates from different sources underwent anti-acetylcholine esterase activity screening by modified Ellman’s method. Where 14 out of the investigated strains showed acetylcholine esterase inhibition (AChEI) activity ranging between 0.407% ± 0.004% for the lowest inhibiting strain (PI22) to 9.846% ± 0.135 for the highest inhibiting strain (PI09). ANOVA analysis and post-ANOVA comparisons showed a significant difference in AChEI% between the tested strains (P < 0.001). Taguchi experimental design used to study the effect of each factor and their interactions on the AChEI activity and to enhance the inhibition activity of the PI09 strain. ANOVA analysis showed that inoculum size power had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the AChEI%. AChEI% activity for the isolate PI09 was successfully maximized by 60% from 9.846% ± 0.135% to 16.55% ± 0.07%. Finally, the most potent strain (PI09) was identified through 16S rRNA sequencing, aligned using the EZbio database, and identified as Levilactobacillus brevis. This is the first report about probiotics' activity against acetylcholine esterase Results revealed that the screened isolates especially Levilactobacillus brevis might have anti-acetylcholine esterase activity, which can allow usage of the probiotics as an auxiliary drug against AD, or to be used for large scale production of AChEIs in the future.
Key words: Probiotics, Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (AChEI), Levilactobacillus brevis, Alzheimer’s disease, Statistical optimization, Design of experiment (DOE).
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