Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the one of the most commonly investigated health care-related infections in the developing countries. The acuteness of SSI varies from superficial skin infections to threatening life hazards such as acute sepsis. SSIs lead to the rise in morbidity, mortality, and economic load accompanied with operation. This systematic review evaluated the burden and linked the risk factors to SSI among surgical patients in developing world.
Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was done to explore PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE during the time interval of 2010-2019. The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in the overall SSI and S. aureus SSI was maximum in tumor-related and transplantation operations.
Results: Intermediate time till SSI onset was 17 days, with extended time to onset for orthopedic and transplant operations. Hazards that were set as a correlating SSI complication were old age, risk index, cases frailty, and operational complexity. Thirteen studies believed that diabetes was a risk factor in a multivariable investigation; 85% reported a significant correlation with SSI, with odds ratios ranging between 1.5 and 24.3. Longer surgical operations were accompanied by an enhanced risk of SSI, with an average odds ratio of 2.3 in 11 studies concluding significant outcomes.
Conclusion: In a wide investigation of the literature, the risk factors for SSI were accompanied by decreased fitness, patient frailty, surgical period, and complications. The discrimination of the risk factors normally connected to SSI helps in the recognition of such cases with optimum protective measurements, specifically regulating pre-treatment pre-surgery lipids, and pressure of the blood within 12 months.
Key words: Risk factors, surgical site infections, surgical patients, developing world
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