Abstract

The use of nanotechnology in drug delivery could improve treatment by allowing targeted delivery and fewer adverse
effects. The application of tailored nanomaterials as well as the development of delivery systems from nanoscale molecules are
examples of nanotechnology drug delivery applications. Leeches have been chosen in this study as it has historically been shown
to be a beneficial therapy for a variety of diseases, including war wound care. Leech saliva extract (LSE) contains complex mixture
of different biologically and pharmacologically active substances which are beneficial for the mankind. Objective: This study was
designed to encapsulate Leech Saliva Extract (LSE) in nanoparticles and to evaluate the effect of process parameters on the
nanoparticle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile. Methodology: Electrospray technique was
used to fabricate the nanoparticles. The process parameters, namely applied voltage and flow rate were adjusted. The fabricated
nanoparticles undergone characterization to evaluate how the process parameters affect the particle size, zeta potential,
encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile. Results and discussion: LSE ALG nanoparticles have shown mean particle
size and zeta potential of 205 nm and -7.32 mV respectively. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) of over 87% was obtained while
maintaining payload integrity. In vitro release profile showed initial burst drug release (42%) was observed up to 6 hour and a
constant slow LSE release was observed up to 48 hour. Conclusion: Adjustment of electrospray process parameters yielded
optimum result of standard nanoparticles. LSE-loaded in alginate nanoparticles were successfully prepared using one-step-method.

Key words: encapsulation; leech saliva extract (LSE); alginate; nanoparticles