Biofuels are a promising alternative to meet the ever increasing demand of energy and fuel worldwide. As there has been limitations in production of Bioethanol and Biobutanol by application of conventional fungal species like Saccahromyces cerevisae, the focus has shifted to production and application of Biohydrogen by utilizing waste water from various pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Applications of Microbes and nanoparticles encapsulating enzymes like hydrogenases has accelerated the production of Biohydrogen to a greater extent. Biophotolysis and photo fermentation methodologies are conventional strategies optimized now to scale up and boost the yield of hydrogen from pilot scale to industrial scale. In a closed bioreactor or dark fermentative system, photosensitive microorganisms such as microalgae are grown in a photobioreactor for the generation of hydrogen. In this review, we have discussed latest strategies which are focused on utilization of nanotechnology and microbes by processing waste water from industries to generate Biohydrogen. Further, the challenges and promising avenues in the roadmap to enhance biohydrogen generation have been highlighted in this work.
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