Radiation therapy has emerged as a mainstay therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Radiation therapy includes beams of intense energy that destroy cancer cells by targeting their genetic material. Radiation treatment is a localized therapy that can be used to shrink the tumor for which it will be eligible for surgery. Chemoradiation combination is often used to inhibit the rapid proliferation and metastasis of cancer. Although radiation therapy is an important therapeutic modality for cancer, its adverse effect on normal cells and unwanted side effects cannot be ignored. Therefore, with the increase in cancer prevalence, the clinical management of radiation therapy has become a major challenge in cancer therapy. The challenges in radiation therapy can be addressed by identifying novel radiation modifiers that can potentiate the low dose of radiation on cancer, protect normal cells from radiation, and suppress radiation-induced side effects. The search for radiation modifiers needs a suitable model system through which potential radiosensitizers and radioprotectors can be screened and validated to be used in the radiation field. Keeping the importance of a suitable model in the clinical management of radiation therapy, we have discussed different models in this review that can be used to screen radiation modifiers.
Key words: radiation, cancer, radiosensitiser, radioprotectors, radiation modifiers, zebrafish, organoid, and model system
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