Diabetes mellitus (DM), with the main manifestation of hyperglycemia, is a metabolic disease associated with carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism disorders. A new treatment that can improve the activity of key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism is promising in controlling blood glucose. Murraya koenigii (MKE) has been proven to control blood sugar in diabetic rats. This study examined MKE’s performance mechanism by examining the primary enzymes’ activities in carbohydrate metabolism and the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression of the liver and skeletal muscle in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. This study used the liver and skeletal muscle of rats (n = 30), divided into six groups: normal, normal + MKE (400 mg/kg), DM, DM + MKE 200 mg/kg, DM + MKE 400 mg/kg, and DM + glibenclamide. This study revealed that the activity of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate (G6Pase) dehydrogenase decreased, and the activity of the G6Pase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 enzymes increased in the liver of DM rats. In addition, GLUT-4 expression in the skeletal muscle of hyperglycemic rats also decreased. The administration of MKE 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt. could improve the enzyme activity, equivalent to a group of normal rats. Moreover, GLUT-4 expression also increased in MKE-administered rats. MKE exhibited an antihyperglycemic effect by improving key enzymes on carbohydrate metabolism and increased GLUT-4 expression against hyperglycemic rats.
Key words: GLUT-4; glucose-6-phosphatase; hexokinase; hyperglycemic rat; Murraya koenigii
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